СУЧАСНЕ ОСВІТЛЕННЯ В ДИЗАЙНІ МУЗЕЙНИХ ЕКСПОЗИЦІЙ

Abstract

In modern design practice lighting plays an important role. Lighting means intensification of visual and psychological effect of museum exposition. Light plays an active role in perception of exhibit, revealing its shape, texture and color. Natural light is used to create a broad background, and artificial – to focus attention on specific information. The best way is the combination of artificial and natural light. This balance is possible due to technological achievement. New ways of lighting create the conditions for better preservation of objects.Lighting techniques give the possibility to make the exposure dynamic, without resorting to mechanical kinematic schemes. Since the motion of light attracts the attention of the viewer more than the movement of objects, this fact became the basis for development of a number of interesting schemes of dynamic lighting. Stands and showcases with dynamic illumination leave a brighter footprint in memory.The choice of the lighting system is closely linked with the architecture of the museum building and with the system of museum lighting (natural, artificial and combined). In this case, it is necessary to take into account the complexity of specifics of the museum exposition – the need to create the best illumination of exhibits and at the same time to protect them from the harmful effects of light rays. Lighting systems are based on the composition and properties of exhibited museum objects and the acceptable level of lighting for various categories of exhibits.Artificial lighting must be carried out mainly by sources of light, whose radiation in the spectrum is close to the daytime. For illumination special lighting fittings, which are usually hidden from visitors (behind suspended ceilings, embedded in furniture or exhibition equipment) should be used.Nowadays there is a wide arsenal of lighting means aimed to increase the visual and psychological effect of museum exposition, various types of lighting fixtures and lamps used to illuminate expositions. Among the lighting products, the leading role belongs to LED technologies. These technologies are characterized by qualities that are decisive in the organization of the museum environment. This is the ability to give white light to each exhibit, high light output at low power consumption, fire safety, the possibility of tape mounting of light sources, the implementation of programmable light scenarios with a change in color gamut. The latest technologies in lighting systems play an important role in design of museum exposition.