ПОНЯТТЯ “ПСИХОЛОГІЧНИЙ САМОЗАХИСТ” В СИСТЕМІ ЗАГАЛЬНО-НАУКОВОЇ УНІВЕРСАЛІЇ “ЗАХИСТ”

Abstract

Introduction. The analysis of the main approaches to the delineation of the concepts of "protection", "psychological protection" and "psychological self-defense" by domestic and foreign scientists showed that these concepts are not sufficiently differentiated, have a broad interdisciplinary nature and are considered in the optics of general science "protection" in the physical, psychological, legal, political, economic and spiritual spheres of human life.Theoretical review analysis of scientific research has shown that the concept of "psychological protection" is not fully reflected in the system of general scientific universal "protection", the concept of "psychological self-defense" is now only evolving, constantly updated, but not yet properly specified. Today, the concept of "psychological protection" needs to be consistent with the content of the universal "protection" and due to lack of definition, lacks an acceptable concept of the category "psychological self-defense" and its differences compared to the concept of "psychological protection".Purpose. The purpose of the article is to actualize the problem of positioning the concept of "psychological self-defense" in the system of the category "psychological protection" and the universal "protection".Methods. Review and analytical study of literature.Originality. The scientific apparatus of national psychology uses the concept of psychological protection, which is a system of regulatory mechanisms that a person uses to eliminate psychological discomfort, minimize negative experiences associated with external or internal conflicts, and preserve the image of "I" on the desired or possible level under these conditions. Situations that require psychological protection include those that pose an imaginary or real threat to the integrity of the individual, his identity and self-esteem.In the modern Ukrainian language, the universal "protection" integrates the concept of protection as an action, means, system, norm, method, set of measures and combines both internal and external aspects of protection. At the same time, the concept of "psychological protection" operates only in the context of psychological protection as a system, action, reaction and refers only to the internal response of the subject, which, in our opinion, corresponds to the concept of "psychological self-defense".As we can see, 1) there is a certain imbalance in the semantics of the concepts of "protection" and "psychological protection", which needs to be clarified and concretized to achieve compliance of the concept of "psychological protection" with the meaning of the universal "protection"; 2) the category "psychological protection" includes only the internal reaction to any danger (which is, in fact, psychological self-defense) and does not outline the external component of protection; 3) to date, the concept of "psychological self-defense" is not sufficiently defined as an independent term.Analyzing the algorithm of information interaction and human behavior, we found that the fourth component: the detection of threats to information and psychological security of the individual, confirms that psychological protection is manifested in both external and internal spheres. And psychological self-defense is a component of the internal sphere of psychological protection.Conclusion. Thus, psychological self-defense is a component of psychological protection and is aimed at the ultimate goal - the internal adaptation of the individual in a situation of psychological discomfort.The identified differences and contradictions in the studied concepts of "psychological self-defense", the category of "psychological protection" and the universal "protection" lead to clarification of the concept of psychological protection, which should include not only internal but also external response to any danger and the model of the category "psychological self-defense" should include as key components aspects: 1) actions; 2) systems; 3) means; 4) norms; 5) a set of measures.