Провідні фактори ризику порушень здоров’я порожнини рота населення Івано-Франківської області

Abstract

In Ukraine, as well as throughout the world, oral diseases remain an urgent medical and social problem. In the Ivano-Frankivsk region, the incidence of dental caries, periodontal disease, and oral cancer exceeds the same in the country, which made this study relevant. The purpose of the study was to identify risk factors for oral diseases in the population of Ivano-Frankivsk region and to supplement the information support of local authorities of territorial communities with the results of the study. Material and methods. We analyzed scientific sources (16 units), data from state, industry and regional statistics (13 units) in our study. The following methods were used: system approach and system analysis; generalizations; medical and statistical; graphics. Results and discussion. The obtained results showed that the living conditions of the population of the Ivano-Frankivsk region in 2018 were better than the average for Ukraine: household incomes for a month were by UAH 469.45 (4.96%) higher, non-monetary incomes in cash equivalent were by UAH 850.24 (98.2%) higher, which was favorable for maintaining oral health. However, in terms of education, the population of the region was generally inferior to the population of Ukraine (17.8% of people with higher education, 1.7% with basic higher education, 15.2% with incomplete higher education with corresponding indicators for the country 27%, 1.4% and 21%); the proportion of households that had access to Internet services at home was 53.0% in the region, 61.5% in Ukraine, which created risks to support the sanitary and hygienic literacy of the region's residents. The population of the region actively practiced behavioral risks in relation to oral diseases: the incidence rate of mental disorders and behavior due to alcohol consumption (83.87 per 100 thousand of population) exceeded the corresponding indicators in the industry (64.81 per 100 thousand of population), as well as the prevalence of these disorders (1574.88 and 1080.51 per 100 thousand of population, respectively); the intensity of smoking (51.9% of smokers smoked 11-20 cigarettes per day) exceeded the corresponding data for Ukraine (46%); household expenses for sweets were higher by 26.0% of similar expenses in Ukraine. Drinking water in the region has a fluoride deficiency (0-0.3 mg / l), which is one of the leading causes of tooth decay. In 17.9% of cases, household members of the region with dental care needs could not meet them due to the high cost of services. Conclusion. The risk factors for oral diseases of the population of the Ivano-Frankivsk region were identified: fluoride deficiency in drinking water, behavioral risks, and low level of affordability of dental care for the population. The obtained data can be taken into account when developing a regional program for the prevention of oral diseases and improving the organization of dental care for the population