Музеи народного зодчества под открытым небом: обзор создания и развития в России

Abstract

The paper provides an overview of the domestic experience of creating ethnographic museums in the open air. It traces stages and chronological periodization of the foundation of such museums in the world and studies historical conditions for the creation of open-air museums in Russia. The first experience of creating such a museum was demonstrated at the All-Russian Agricultural and Artisanal-Industrial Exhibition in Moscow in 1923. In the park-museum of Kolomenskoye village near Moscow, monuments of wooden architecture of the 17th–18th centuries were placed. For the first time, this paper comes up with a comprehensive classification of the open-air museums according to various grounds: the status of the museum complex (federal, regional, local), the specificity of the exposition, the architectural and urban planning principle of the organization; the principle of organizing the exposition and others. The study determined that most of the open-air museums are concentrated in the central part of Russia. The authors also explored potential for developing an open-air museum in the Tyumen region. The experience and examples of the functioning of museums allow for developing give “ground” for the development of ethnographic museums in all regions of the country. The creation of this complex is interesting not only from the point of view of implementing educational function for the population, but also in terms of developing the region's economy — the creation of the most diverse tourist product (landscape — architecture — ethnography).