Общее доиндивидуальное измерение труда и искусства при постфордизме: постопераистский подход

Abstract

The study explores the ways of involving the potential dimension of labor into its formation at the current stage. The concept of individualising the “pre-individual” by the Italian philosopher P. Virno is drawn upon to expand the "aesthetic model" onto all productive activities. In the process of the modern labor formation, individualising the pre-individual reality, including the language, human perception, affective sphere, and productive forces of the society, manifests itself through the workforce. All the aforementioned factors constitute the total potential charge of the “pre-individual”. The paper goes on to demonstrate the influence of the artistic critique of industrial labor on this process. The demands for autonomy, creativity, and freedom postulated by art criticism were incorporated into new forms of labor organization. Ways of managing labor began to be directed towards reducing unjustified labor costs as they started to be associated with the unrealized potential of workers. Subsequently, the model of artistic practices spread to the entire world of labor. The problem of involving the potential dimension of labor in its formation is considered through the prism of post-operaism showing that the cultural industry is built around the communicative activity "without the work". An attempt is made to demonstrate that artistic activity in modern society is characterized by the total involvement of the entire life into artistic practices. In addition, such activity is associated with project-based, unstable and intensive forms of human self-actualization. The study emphasizes that such activity is associated with collective practices since it includes the activity of not only the artist, but also the public. Accordingly, the subjectivity of the contemporary worker must be described through the processes of collective creativity and collective subjectivity. The second part of the study focuses on the potential labor dimension and emphasizes that the modern metamorphosis of labor echoes A. Gastev's famous project which emerged as a way to transform labor itself in its potentiality. Gustev's scientific labor organization project demonstrates the possibility of involving pre-individual potentialities into the production practices. In order for this involvement to take place, it is necessary to influence the human body in a certain way and to activate its creative potential suggesting a connection between Gustev's ideas and biopolitics. The investigation paves the way for a new artistic critique that might allow for the commodification of “the pre-individual '' to take place.