Abstract
Purpose: to investigate the flow-regulating role of forest belts in connection with their taxation characteristics. Methods: artificial sprinkling of soils under the forest belts canopy. Results. Pseudoacacia robinia prevails in the forest belts in Rostov region (basin of the Kundryuchya river, ordinary chernozems). By the age of 35, this species can reach an average height of 12 m, an average diameter of 12 cm. Regression equations for the relationship of the runoff coefficients with the average height of Robinia pseudoacacia and its average diameter, wood reserves of forest belts and cross-sectional areas of trunks were obtained. These taxation characteristics determine the precipitation absorption intensity through the tree waste bulk and forest flor, root saturation, water-physical and chemical properties of the topsoil, which change with the age of plantings. When the age of 20 years is exceeded, the forest belts will completely absorb high intensity rainfall. At this age, the Robinia pseudoacacia will exceed the average height of 9.4 m, and its average trunk diameter will approach 10 cm. At the same time, the stock of raw wood in the forest belt will reach 57 m³/ha, and the cross-sectional area of the trunks – 11 m²/ha. The functional relationship between soil erosion and runoff coefficients confirms the close relationship between soil erosion and the main taxation characteristics of forest belts. The analysis of these relationships showed that storm erosion of soil under the forest canopy is completely absent when the taxation indicators reach the following values: the average Robinia height is 9 m, the average trunk diameter is 9.2 cm, the stock of wood is 46 m³/ha, the cross-sectional area of the trunks is 10.2 m²/ha. Conclusions. By the age of the forest belts 20 years, the runoff under the forest canopy will be completely regulated, and there will be no soil erosion. Forest belts older 20 years need to enhance their flow-regulating capacity by combining them along the lower edge with the simplest hydraulic structures.
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