러시아-소비에트 튀르크 문학 연구의 성과와 의미

Abstract

Modern Russia is the country with the largest population of Turkic peoples, except for Turkey and several countries of Central Asia. Moreover, the Russian Empire, which occupied most of the territory of the Mongol empire, inherited the cultural and literary traditions of the turkic-mongolian peoples. Therefore, it can be said that the study of turkic literature begins with an understanding of the history of Russian turkic studies. This study attempts to classify the history of Russian turkology by time, show who conducted which research, and give meaning to the results.<BR> Russian turkology 18-19 centuries. was carried out by Western European scientists (most of them Germans). Early studies of Turkic literature in the Russian Empire were mainly focused on the collection of folklore materials, research on inscriptions and turkic genealogy. However, after Radlov collected, translated and presented a huge amount of materials from the turkic oral literature of Siberia and the Urals from the middle of the 19th century, the turkology of the Russian Empire developed rapidly. In addition to Radlov, quite a few Turkic oral literary works were collected and translated by such scholars as Katanov (Khakas literature), Khudyakov (Yakut literature), Balikhanov (Kyrgyz literature) and Vervitsky (Altai literature).<BR> In the 20th century, the study of turkic literature in the Soviet Union was carried out by local turkic or russian scholars in research institutes established in the turkic republics, and much turkic folklore was collected and analyzed more carefully. In addition to the collection and analysis of individual turkic folklore, in the Soviet Union they also became an important experience in the field of general literary research, laying the foundation for the creation of methodologies for comparative literary studies by such scholars as Zhirmunsky and Meletinsky.