Методичні підходи щодо оцінювання здатності до біохімічного розпаду полімерних матеріалів та їхніх відходів

Abstract

Actuality. The urgency of the topic is due to the fact that recently the problem of environmental safety in connection with the generation of large quantities of waste has become particularly acute. A separate aspect of this problem is the accumulation of polymeric material wastes, in particular packaging and packaging waste. Preventing packaging and packaging waste with a view to ensuring a high level of protection of the environment and human health is a major goal of regulation in the field of packaging and packaging management, both nationally and internationally. Materials and Methods.The purpose of the work is to analyze the existing requirements for packaging and its waste in the EU and Ukraine and to systematize the methods used in the process of evaluation and certification of polymeric packaging according to biodegradation criteria. It is stated that the manufacture of packaging must be carried out in such a way that the level of toxic and other harmful substances and materials that are components or components of the packaging is minimized. Packaging to be recovered through energy recovery must have the minimum required calorific value for energy recovery. Organic recovery packaging should be characterized by its ability to decompose under the influence of microorganisms, which should not interfere with its separate collection. The use of biodegradable materials for packaging and packaging is a new step in the field of packaging and packaging waste management, which will prevent waste generation. The characteristic of the main types of biodegradable polymeric materials is given. DSTU EN 13432: 2015 “Packaging. Requirements for packaging recoverable through composting and biodegradation. Test scheme and evaluation criteria for the final acceptance of packaging» and DSTU EN 14995: 2018 «Plastics. Evaluation of compostability. Test scheme and specifications”, which sets out the basic requirements and procedures for determining the biodegradability of packaging and packaging materials, which will allow the assessment and certification of packaging according to biodegradation criteria both for the internal market and for export. Conclusions. The introduction of methods and test schemes for assessing the biochemical degradation capacity of packaging will accelerate the introduction of biodegradable materials in the consumer market of Ukraine, reduce the total amount of packaging and packaging waste, and help meet the goals set by the 2030 National Waste Management Plan. Key Words: packaging waste, EU Directives, biopolymer materials, biodegradability, methods for determining biodegradation.