Abstract
This review describes the main trends in the creation of tissue-engineered vascular grafts. These grafts are intended for use in urgent vascular surgery. Therefore, they should be ready-to-use and be able to sustain cell migration, proliferation, and viability in vivo. To achieve this aim, various research groups attempt to develop highly porous tubular constructs with surface architectonics similar to the extracellular matrix structure. This promotes a colonization of this construct by the host cells after the vascular implantation. Highly porous constructs made of nano- and microfibers are able to enhance the restoration of the endothelial monolayer on the inner surface and de novo tissue formation in the walls due to migration of cells from the bloodstream and surrounding tissues. Biocompatible biodegradable polymers are frequently used as a material for the scaffolds of tissue-engineered vascular grafts; electrospinning is the most widespread technique for the preparation of highly porous vascular grafts. However, pore size is often not enough for efficient cell migration and proliferation after the vascular implantation. Therefore, we focused on techniques for increasing the pore size.
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