Динамика структурного состава и продуктивности лофанта тибетского под влиянием различных видов минеральных удобрений

Abstract

Abstract. A study was conducted at a collection site of medicinal plants of the Ural State Agrarian University, located in Beloyarskiy district, Sverdlovsk region. The soil of the experimental site – black soil podzol heavy loamy. The reaction of the medium is close to neutral (pH 6.5). The purpose of the research: to study the effect of various types of mineral fertilizers on the structure and productivity of the aboveground biomass of the Lophanthus tibeticus. The research objectives were to study the effects of fertilizers on height and daily average growth, biometric characteristics of inflorescences, structure and productivity of medicinal raw materials; seed productivity. Method of research. In the experiment, we used early winter sowing of seeds in open ground (late September – early October). Sowing wide-row (25×35 cm). The scheme of the experiment included 5 options: I – without fertilizer (control); II – N60; III – P60; IV – K60; V – N60P60K60. Results. In all variants with the use of fertilizers, In all variants with the use of fertilizers, the plants had an increase in biometric parameters, but the best results were obtained in the V variant: the height of the plants was at the level of 103 cm; the average daily growth of plants was from 0.43 to 2.57 cm; the number of inflorescences – 49 pcs. (on average, per plant), which had a positive effect on the composition of medicinal raw materials (the share of inflorescences was 17.1 %.); the productivity of aboveground biomass (on average over 2 years of research) was 26.2 t/ha; seed productivity ranged from 53.6 (10.09) to 57.3 g/m2 (25.09). Scientific novelty. For the first time, in the conditions of the Middle Urals studied the effect of mineral fertilizers on the most important aspects of the growth and development of the Lophanthus tibeticus. The best option was established in which the lofant had high productivity with an optimal structure of medicinal raw materials (V option – N60P60K60).