Динаміка росту, розвитку та відтворної здатності телиць різного походження знам’янського типу поліської м’ясної породи

Abstract

The article presents the results of the study of the growth and development and reproductive abilities of heifers of different linear origin of the Znamyansky type Poliska meat breed Experimental research was carried out in the Agrofirma Kolos Znamyansky district, Kirovograd region. The object of research was the heifers of the Znamyansky type of different lines: I - control - animals, which are not included in the experimental lines, II – Mazun 6; III – Radyst 113; IV – Darovanyy 400. As a result of the carried out research, we found out that heifers of control and experimental groups at identical conditions of feeding and maintenance, have shown various intensity of growth. Heifers of experimental groups by live weight indicators in all age periods exceeded peers of the control group with a true difference. Among the experimental groups there was an obvious advantage for the animals of the third experimental group. The same tendency is observed in the indicators of the daily average and relative increments. High daily average increment of the animals of the third experimental group was 828,8 g per day during the period of 12-15 months. Comparing the body measurements of heifers of different experimental groups, we can note the advantage of animals of the III experimental group in all altitude and latitude parameters. The other three groups had lower and rather similar indicators. In general, the animals are quite large, harmoniously built, with a strong, but not massive skeleton, which is confirmed by the indicators of animal physique. By physique indexes the highest marks were given to heifers of III and IV experimental groups. They had higher indexes of physique such as breast, index of blockiness, which characterizes their better meat forms. The growth energy of animals in meat cattle breeding is an indicator that has a direct impact on reproduction ability, because a fully developed animal is able to reach puberty quite early and give a healthy offspring every year. By the indexes of reproductive ability of heifers it was found out that there are certain differences between heifers of different origins. Animals of different genotypes had quite different indicators of live weight during the first hunting. The animals of the third experimental group had the highest weight 333,9 kg, the animals of the first control group had the lowest weight 230,4 kg. Heifers of the third experimental group were also characterized by a high rate of fertilization from the first mating in comparison with other groups with a true difference. By the indicators of duration of pregnancy, there is no significant difference between the genotypes.