Возрастная катаракта и псевдоэксфолиативный синдром у жителей юга России

Abstract

Age-related cataract is a major medical and social issue as it is the main cause of reversible blindness in the world. Age-related cataract is frequently accompanied by pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXFS) - a systemic dystrophic process, clinically manifested in the eyeball. Dystrophic changes in XFS bring about a 5-fold increase of the risk of cataract surgery complications, amounting to 49.4 % of cases. Purpose: to study the clinical characteristics of ocular PXFS manifestations in age-related cataract among residents of the South of Russia. Material and methods. A total of 179 patients (277 eyes) with age-related cataract were tested. Of these, 75 patients (41.9 %, 114 eyes) were found to have PXFS while the remaining 104 patients (58.1 %, 163 eyes) had no PXFS. Testing included visometry, autokeratorefractometry, ophthalmic biomicroscopy, pneumotonometry, perimetry, ophthalmoscopy, ultrasound biometry, determination of electrical sensitivity threshold of the optic nerve, and critical flicker frequency. Results. It was found that age-related cataract patients with PXFS were significantly older than those without PXFS. The former showed a lower initial visual acuity and pronounced trophic changes in the anterior segment of the eye. PXFS patients developed iridodonesis 13 times as often as those without PXFS, while lens subluxation occurred 8 times as often. In more than one third of the cases, PXFS patients had dense or very dense lens nucleus. Conclusion. Age-related cataract of South Russia residents having pseudoexfoliation syndrome was found to be more severe and complication-prone than that of patients without PXFS. For citation: Polapina A.A., Komarovskikh E.N., Sakhnov S.N., Zabolotny A.G. Age-related cataract and pseudoexfoliation syndrome among residents of the south of Russia. Russian ophthalmological journal. 2018; 11(3): 19-24 (In Russian). doi: 10.21516/2072-0076-2018-11-3-19-24.