ФЕНОЛОГИЯ СОРТОВ МАЛИНЫ В УСЛОВИЯХ ЛЕСОСТЕПНОЙ ЗОНЫ БАШКОРТОСТАНА

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to study the timing of the onset of phenological phases and assess the adaptive abilities of introduced raspberry varieties to changes in meteorological factors in the Cis-Ural forest-steppe zone of Bashkortostan. The results of studying the phenological phases of 11 raspberry varieties of different ripening periods are presented. The research was carried out at the Kushnarenkovskiy Breeding Center of the BNIISH UFITs RAS in 2016-2021. Observations were carried out in accordance with the "Program and methodology for the study of variety of fruit, berry and nut crops". It has been established that the timing and duration of the passage of the phenological phases of raspberries are significantly affected by weather conditions. It is noted that all studied varieties show low resistance to return frosts. The beginning of vegetation in the studied varieties, on average, was noted in the first decade of May. Raspberry blossom took place from 6 to 17 June. The ripening of raspberries began in the first decade of July. The fastest rates of raspberry development were noted in 2021 at an average daily air temperature of 18.8ºС, flowering took place on May 18, ripening on June 16, 15-24 days ahead of multi-year periods, the duration of flowering, ripening and interphase periods also decreased. The sum of effective temperatures for the onset of the "beginning of flowering" phenological phase was 524ºС; the onset of the phase "beginning of maturation" 1063ºС. It was revealed that raspberry varieties Novosti Kuzmina, Barnaulskaya, Chelyabinskaya krupnoplodnaya, Brigantina had the highest resistance to changes in environmental factors in the conditions of the republic.