Типологія життєвих криз та ініціальних тенденцій трансформації людини на основі багатовимірної теорії особистості

Abstract

In the article on the basis of a multi-dimensional theory of personality are justified and presented the following: the typology of human life crises, the typology of initial trends of personality transformation in the course of overcoming the crisis conditions, the system of rites and rituals in ancient cultures as means of psycho-prevention of crisis periods and conditions in human development. This allows scientists and practitioners of psychological sector to more fully look at the phenomenon of crises that affect every person and almost all areas of his life, typologize and classify the crisis itself, possibilities of its development and to explore personal potential crisis management taking into account the traditions and rituals that go from time immemorial. Multidimensional theory of personality (for V. Morgun), based on the system-activity methodology (S. Rubinstein, A. Leontiev, S. Kostyuk, S. Maksimenko et al.), is based on five invariants of its structure: need-volitional emotions (negative and ambivalent-balanced, positive) content orientation of the person (orientation on object-means-product; the other person, the process, the subject); mastering of experience levels (training, reproduction, knowledge, creativity), forms of activities implementation (motor, perceptual, speech, mental). This makes it possible to construct a typology of the life crises of personality (for V. Zaika), which includes: the crises of life mistakes, situational, terminal and health crises (on spatial and temporal orientations); deep, medium and superficial crises (on the sign and the intensity of need-volitional experiences); operational crises, meaningful relationship, the loss of the self (on meaningful aspirations); becoming crises, role, self-realization (on the levels of mastering of experience); crises of personal autonomy, spiritual, meaning of life (according to the forms of realization of activity); destructive crises, no-change, the crises of self-improvement (on the impact of human activity). On the basis of these invariants, V. Zaika has built a typology of initiation of personal transformation, analyzed the rites and rituals of initiation in ancient cultures, formulated assumption about the relationship of these phenomena to other important characteristics of the personality that is the prospect of further research.