중국 초미세먼지 현황 및 정책 동향

Abstract

The emission of air pollutants in China has increased rapidly as its economy expanded over the last decades. The Chinese government has recently acknowledged the seriousness of the resulting air pollution and is trying to improve air quality in many ways. Here, we review the air quality control and management policies in China, one of our closest neighbors, because these policies may also influence the air quality in Korea. This study examined the recent policies on PM2.5 reduction and analyzed the variation in air quality and air pollutant emissions in China. The ambient air quality and emission standards in China have been strengthened, based on China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan of 2013. As a result, the annual mean concentration of PM2.5 in 2015 in 74 large Chinese cities declined by 23.6% compared with 2013 values. Coal consumption in China also has been reduced by more than 10% per year since 2013. Furthermore, the laws controlling atmospheric emissions were revised again in 2016, and an air pollution forecasting and warning system was implemented to help manage air pollution problems. At present, the Chinese government is trying to evaluate its policies on PM2.5 and find a new paradigm to mitigate ongoing PM2.5 pollution. In this context, a joint study between Korea and China has been initiated to investigate the characteristics and sources of ambient PM2.5 and to identify factors contributing to the high PM2.5 concentrations in northeast China. We expect that this academic collaboration will benefit both countries in their search for new policies for PM2.5 reduction.