Теоретик контрреволюции: философия истории Л. де Бональда

Abstract

The article analyzes the philosophical concept of the leader of traditionalism, Louis de Bonald (1754‒1840). Building his reflections on social being on the ba­sis of religious premise, he criticized the philosophy of Enlightenment, which he saw as an important source of revolutionary upheaval. Discarding the theory of social contract and the teaching of popular sovereignty, Bonald contrasted them with the thesis of monarchy as the most reasonable form of political organization of society. Turning to the consideration of despotism, aristocracy and democracy, he saw them as unorganized forms of social life. Political society he likened to the universe, as in both cases, in his opinion, there is the birth of a system out of chaos, under the influence of guiding will and love. Representative rule, accord­ing to Bonald, inevitably leads to anarchy, and philosophical theism, the cult of the Supreme Being, leads to atheism. Bonald’s history of philosophy was an original project that attracted many of his contemporaries with a whole set of ideas, and above all, with its interpretation of the nearest political future. The minds that longed for restoration found a sought-for point of support in his writings. Bonald’s prediction of the inevitable restoration of the monarchy was justified, but was true only to a relatively small segment of history. Certain mo­ments of his philosophy of history were destined to find their supporters for a long time: treating atheism as a principle of the destruction of societies, the de­sire to give the political program a religious dimension, peculiar interpreted re­quirement to rely on facts, method of highlighting opposite moments of social as a basis for conceptual generalizations.