Особливості процесів міграції природних радіонуклідів в підземних водах при ліквідації вугільних шахт Північно-Східного Донбасу

Abstract

The article is analyzed features of processes migration of natural radionuclides in the underground water at the liquidation of coal mines of North-Eastern Donbass on the example of mine Proletarian and Svitlichanskyi of water intake. It is revealed, that exactly 222 Rn is the most widespread source of natural radioactivity both on the whole in Ukraine and in the Donbass. It is noted that the closure of coal enterprises and avtoreabilitatsionny rise of underground water that accompanies them, has a regional scale. Analysis of hydrogeological conditions and processes occurring in the underground environment, speaks of the danger of radioactive contamination 226 Ra and 222 Rn of the underground water. The results of the ecological and radiological research areas abandoned mines lead to the conclusion that on the whole territory of the North-Eastern Donbass radiation situation is normal. At the same time are fixed local areas with high concentration of natural radionuclides present in the zones of influence of the major tectonic disturbances (Severodonetskyi, Chehirovskyi and Diagonal thrusts). It is said that the studies in the Almazno-Marevskyi geological and industrial district of the North-Eastern Donbass indicates the presence of a high content of the natural radionuclides ( 226 Ra, 232 Th, 40 K, 222 Rn) in the mine atmosphere, soil, surface and groundwater, as well as in the waste coal located at the territory of the former mine fields of mines, Luganskaya, Proletarian and G. Kapustin. It is shown that the main factors determining migration of the natural radionuclides in the underground water are the way they are received into the aquifer and the physical and the chemical properties of both the underground water and the rock mass. It is established, 222 Rn concentration in the water is depends on the concentration of the parent radioactive elements in the coal-bearing strata washed it, the emanation coefficient, fracture rock mass and velocity of underground water flow. Besides the presence of natural radionuclides in the underground water of the water intakes also is noted the high content of Cl, Mn, Fe. It is noted that filling out space mines with highly salinity water downstream, deep aquifers carbon, inevitably leads decrease in quality (increase salinity, occurrence heavy metals, natural radionuclides, etc.) of the upper cretaceous underground water aquifer exploited Svitlichanskyi water intake. At the same time fixation 222 Rn in the water wells Svetlichanskyi water intake is associated with a pulling up of pollution the water intake by funnel depression. In conclusion, in the area of sanitary protection of the water intake Svitlichanskyi and adjacent by Proletarian mine field is proposed to conduct a comprehensive monitoring of the geological environment, including constant monitoring and control of the hydro-geological and geomechanical processes, as well as the migration of mine gas and 222 Rn.