Інклюзивна освіта в умовах нової української школи: проблеми та перспективи

Abstract

The article describes inclusive education. The negative aspects of the outdated system of teaching children with special educational needs and the prerequisites for introducing inclusion into the educational process of Ukrainian general secondary education institutions have been highlighted. Inclusive education has been defined as a system of educational services that provides the realization of the right for education for people with special educational needs, as well as their socialization and integration into the society. The role and place of inclusion at the New Ukrainian School and its main conceptual background have been highlighted. It has been found out that understanding the needs of a child is based on the analysis of the main areas of development of a child’s body. The classification of a child’s developmental disorders according to V. Lebedynsky has been considered. The concept of “a person with special educational needs” has been defined as a person who needs additional permanent or temporary support in the educational process in order to ensure the right for education, promote personal development, improve health and quality of life and increase the level of participation in the community life. The categories of children with special educational needs have been defined according to such classification criteria as: peculiarities of psychophysical development, peculiarities of performing educational activities, peculiarities of establishing contacts with the social environment and peculiarities of development under the influence of the social environment. The major differences between the inclusive educational process and the traditional one have been listed. The analysis of the scientific sources has given a reason to conclude that efficient inclusive education is possible only in case of special professional training and re-training of teaching staff. For general secondary education teachers the purpose of such training is to master basic teaching methods, approaches and techniques used in an inclusive environment.