Співвідношення держави і анархізму в теоретико-політичній спадщині Михайла Драгоманова

Abstract

The article is devoted to the analysis of the peculiarities of the interpretation of the role of the state in public life in the political theory of scientist and public figure Mikhail Drahomanov, whose ideas had a powerful influence on political discourse not only in Ukraine and Russia but throughout the European continent. Сonsideration of the interpretation of liberalism by Mykhailo Drahomanov as the basis of his socio-political theory and the impact on his views of the European progressive tradition address the main issues of this study. Scientist’s definition of individual freedom as the main criterion of social progress and the restrictive influence of the state on its implementation is also revealed. Mykhailo Drahomanov proceeded from the fact that, despite the historically progressive nature of the state, it, in essence, restricts the freedom of the individual, and the logic of development, constantly seeks to narrow the boundaries of this freedom. Attention is also paid to M. Drahomanov’s interpretation of the issue of creating conditions for free self-realization of the individual. The thinker opposes the community to the state as a voluntary association of free people, the relationship between which is regulated not by coercion but by means of moral regulation. The article emphasizes that for the Ukrainian political theorist, federalism is a way of organizing interaction between the subjects of the political process. It is noted that anarchist rhetoric was used by M. Drahomanov not so much to liquidate the state as such, but to weaken it as much as possible in favor of individual rights and freedoms. It is also specified that according to the scientist, history and the formed foundations of national character and political traditions determine the place of Ukraine and Ukrainians in universal progress and the transition of mankind from the state organization of society to its self-organization on the basis of socialism.