ФІЛОСОФСЬКО-МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНІ АСПЕКТИ МОРАЛЬНОГО ВИХОВАННЯ МОЛОДШИХ ШКОЛЯРІВ

Abstract

Modern society experiences a deep crisis of values, therefore, processes of formation of morality and spirituality of children and young people need to be transformed and renewed. But this certainly needs to be used with the powerful potential of the philosophical and pedagogical thoughts of various historical epochs. Valuable thoughts on the moral education of the individual were formulated by ancient Greek philosophers Socrates, Democritus, and Aristotle. They believed that people can change themselves, to form positive personality traits. The origins of folk pedagogical wisdom in the child upbringing are described in the works of European prominent scientists: G.Gegel, I.Gerbart, A.Distervega, D.Dury, G.Kershenshestiner, J.Komensky, I.Pestalozzi E.Spranger. Different aspects of moral education, based on the principle of nationality, national values with the means of folk pedagogy are reflected in the works of Ukrainian philosophers and humanitarians K.D. Alchevskaya, B.D Grinchenko, O.V.Dukhnovich, І.І. Ogienko, M.I. Pirogov, S.F. Rusovoy, G.S. Skovoroda, K.D.Ushinsky. The present stage of the formation of philosophical and methodological approaches to the formation of the moral education concept in the young pupils become the position of modern educational philosophy (V.P. Andrushenko, I.A. Zyazyun, V.S. Lutay, M.D. Yaramchenko), education development concepts, upbringing and learning in modern conditions (A.M. Aleksyuk, I.D. Beh, A.M. Boyko, S.V.Goncharenko, M.G.Stelmakhovich). According to the national idea, the order of society and the main target instruction of the modern school (to bring up the harmoniously developed, intellectual, creative, spiritual personality),  the task for the teachers is to form the principles of the under-age pupils’ high morality. And the more complete and deeper the moral principles will be embodied in school and public practice, the more successfully the goal of education will be achieved, the more effectively the educational process will be.