ОЦЕНКА ВЛИЯНИЯ ОПАСНОГО СВОБОДНОГО ГАЗА НА МОРСКИЕ ГРУНТЫ

Abstract

In the world practice oil and gas resources of a continental shelf have long become the main sources of the enhanced oil and gas production. At present about 25% of the whole world oil production is related to the sea deposits. The gas production is a little less but is rather high and makes up about 20% of the worldwide one. More than 85% of the total resources of the Russian shelf oil and gas are concentrated in the Arctic seas that predetermine the actuality and importance of scientific and technical progress in this branch for the Russian oil and gas industry development. According to the Russian Minenergo data, the volume of oil production in the Caspian region by the end of 2020 will have grown up to 200 mln t per year, gas - up to 270 bln t cubic meters. With such production volumes the ecological and production safety problems must have a priority. It is worth noting the fact that exploration of the shelf resources is not safe that’s why the oil and gas industry faces an important problem - the provision of a safe exploitation of the platforms on the shelf. The maritime oil and gas constructions and self-elevating floating rigs are characterized by a high accident risk in exploitation. To the constituents of the common safety danger of the sea oil and gas deposits’ exploration belong: dangerous processes in the geological environment; emergency technological processes, dangers of a technogenic origin and others. In this article some geological phenomena in the soils which decrease their strength have been dealt with that’s why a negative impact of a free gas on the soils generates a potential risk in the intensive oil and gas production regions in the Caspian Sea. In the article some aspects of engineering and geological dangers which should be taken into account in the oil and gas deposits’ exploration have been given.