조선후기 정조의 지리책문(地理策問)과 다산 정약용의 지리대책(地理對策)

Abstract

In the late 18th century, King Jeongjo's geographical policy questions[地理策問] and Dasan Jeong Yak-yong's geographical strategies as answers of those questions were important materials that explicitly show the traditional geography discourse, such as the geography concept and geography thoughts of the ruling class in the late Joseon Dynasty. King Jeongjo's geographical policy questions includes seven questions such as the definition of geography, the reason for the existence of geography, the shape of the earth's surface, the division plan for the national territory for national prosperity, historical examination of the land area and major geographical names, and the management plan for the country's abundant products, customs, and resources, geography as a fundamental science of politics, and the direction of compilation of geography of the land. Dasan defines geography as a field that studies the human-nature relationship according to the five geographic environments, while arguing for the reason for the existence of geography as the king's discipline for national management. In this way, Dasan answered each question based on a variety of ancient oriental geography books, his extensive geographic informations, and historical geographies of the country. In the discourse of traditional geography between king Jeongjo and Dasan, the discipline of geography that thinks about the realization of social justice and humanistic politics[文治], the search for geography that breaks away from feng shui[風水] and the waters sutra[水經] that should be published to be paired with the geography book, and the need for mapping for completeness was discussed. The geography discourse between king Jeongjo and Dasan is also a reminder of the aspect of scientific geography that appeared in the early days of Western modern geography.