Разработка и внедрение биметаллических подшипников скольжения из алюминиевых сплавов

Abstract

The article analyses complex of works of the school of tribological materials science, founded by N. A. Bushe, on development and implementation of bimetallic sliding bearings with antifriction layer from aluminum-tin alloys in railway transport and other industries. Advantages of the aluminum alloys over bronze on the example of the crankshaft bearings of diesel locomotives are shown. Various ways to improve the service life and reliability of aluminum antifriction materials are considered. Article also shows the principles of application of the theories of compatibility of the friction pairs, developed by this school, as well as self-organization of the friction surfaces when developing new antifriction materials. The results of the application of the theory of self-organization to friction showed that the complexity of doping antifriction alloys enables forming favorable secondary structures. The use of up to nine alloying elements instead of three ones, has greatly improved the tribological properties of the aluminium alloys and reduces the tin content. As a result, new anti-friction monometallic aluminum alloys for slide bearings have been developed. Bench tests have shown that the bearings are made from these alloys can successfully replace bronze bearings. The use of aluminum alloys instead of bronze in slide bearings not only reduces wear of bearing and wear of steel shaft, but also reduces the probability of scoring and completely get rid of the shaft destroyed as a result of scoring.