ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ПРИЗНАКОВОЙ ГРУППЫ КОЛЛЕКЦИИ СТОЛОВОЙ СВЕКЛЫ ВИР: ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ПЛАСТИЧНОСТЬ И СТАБИЛЬНОСТЬ

Abstract

Background. Information on the characteristics of the reaction of genotypes to different habitat conditions is of great importance for solving practical problems of breeding. Table beet (Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris) has great food significance. It is among the three most common vegetable crops in Russia and is grown in many climatic zones. The ecogeographic approach in evaluating VIR's beet collection accessions is historically justified and mandatory. The analysis of the genotype-environment interaction makes it possible to give a comprehensive description to each accession, and reveal its potential capabilities, the level of plasticity, and the habitat. Estimation of the level of crop yield stability in different soil and climate zones of cultivation shows the expediency of placing a variety in specific conditions. Materials and methods. Included in the experiment were 21 table beet collection accessions of five different variety types varying both in morphological features and in their origin. Evaluation of the adaptive potential of beet varieties was carried out according to the statistical parameters calculated on the basis of the crop's root yields. The account was made according to VIR's Methodical Guidelines for the evaluation and preservation of the world collection of root crops. Results and conclusion . Testing of a set of table beet accessions revealed significant variability in their environmental plasticity and stability, and showed the expediency of their placement in different agroclimatic zones. Analysis of the data identified the most adaptive varieties of different types, characterized by the highest yield and stability in different geographical sites of cultivation. As a result of the evaluation, a trait-specific group of the most adaptive table beet varieties with a broad geographic area of distribution was formed: 'Agyptische' (k-642), 'Detroit dark red turnip improved' (k-1757), 'Perfected Detroid Dark Red'(k-1815), and 'Prygaruzhnya' (k-3064). The identified accessions of table beet can be recommended for use as source material for breeding for adaptability.