Abstract
Goal. To make an assessment and to determine the effectiveness of different irrigation methods for growing soybeans and corn, which are based on economic and energy parameters. Methods. Short-term field experiment, analytical and statistical methods of experimental data processing. Results. It is confirmed that the use of irrigation in crop production is a highly effective measure of its intensification and provides high economic and energy parameters. Thus, at growing soybeans and corn the highest conditional net profit was received for drip irrigation — 37.88 and 73.85 thousand UAH/ha. The level of profitability made 59.5 and 94.2%, and the lowest cost of production made 10.85 and 3, 78 thousand UAH/t respectively. Economic indicators for subsoil drip irrigation and sprinkling were close in values: conditional net income of soybeans — 19.45 and 18.07 thousand UAH/ha, corn — 53.65 and 54.51 thousand UAH/ha, the level of profitability — 37, 3 and 36.3% and 80.2 and 88.7%, the cost of production — 12.60 and 12.69 thousand UAH/t and 4.07 and 3.88 thousand UAH/t for growing soybeans and corn, respectively. Irrigation increased the energy intensity of soybean and corn cultivation technology by 2.8 and 2.1 times — to 59.6 and 79.6 GJ/ha and 109.2 and 117.5 GJ/ha, respectively. Without irrigation, the costs of soybean production were in the range of 23.6 GJ/ha, corn — 53.6 GJ/ha. Conclusions. The maximum efficiency of soybean and corn cultivation was at the use of drip irrigation. The lower and close in values indicators of economic and energy efficiency of cultivation were fixed for the conditions of subsoil drip irrigation and sprinkling. The lowest efficiency of soybean and corn cultivation was obtained in the conditions of natural moisture, which confirms the significant risks and inexpediency of growing these crops in the Steppe without additional artificial moisture.
Highlights
Over the past 10-15 years, agricultural production in Ukraine has reoriented to growing the most profitable and highly liquid crops, in particular soybeans and corn, the sown area under which in 2020 amounted to 1,340,000 hectares and 5,450,000 hectares, respectively [1]
The economic efficiency of irrigation methods was calculated on the basis of the accepted standards, norms and prices [14] of the current year, energy efficiency - according to the method of energy assessment of technologies for growing crops [15]
The analysis shows that irrigation increased the energy intensity of soybean and corn cultivation technology by 2,8-2,1 times - up to 59,6-79,6 GJ/ha and 109,2-117,5 GJ/ha, respectively
Summary
Over the past 10-15 years, agricultural production in Ukraine has reoriented to growing the most profitable and highly liquid crops, in particular soybeans and corn, the sown area under which in 2020 amounted to 1,340,000 hectares and 5,450,000 hectares, respectively [1]. An alternative to sprinkling is a drip irrigation with surface and subsurface laying of irrigation pipelines (PT) at a depth of 20-30 cm [3]. The introduction of these irrigation systems potentially provides higher yields and lower unit costs of irrigation water [4]. In a market economy, it is the economic and energy analysis of agricultural technologies that is important, since it gives grounds to justify the options for growing agricultural crops in terms of their profitability and energy conservation. The difference between our studies lies in the analysis and substantiation of the effectiveness of three methods of irrigation: sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation and subsoil drip irrigation in a short-term crop rotation "soybean - corn". The aim of the research is to evaluate and establish the effectiveness of various irrigation methods for growing soybeans and maize based on economic and energy parameters
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