Анализ объема и структуры неотложной хирургической помощи при тяжелой механической травме глазного яблока

Abstract

Purpose. To analyze the volume and structure of emergency surgical care for patients admitted to the admission department of the S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution with severe mechanical trauma to the eyeball. Material and methods. In total, for the period from 2020 to 2022, 92 patients with an eye injury were admitted to the admission department of the S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution. Results. Gender and age analysis showed that the average age of the group of patients from 18 to 78 years was 37.4 years. The patients were men in the vast majority of cases (86%). The domestic eye injury occupies the leading position – 81%. The source of injuries in a greater percentage of cases (30%) are electrical construction tools, in second place (19%) is mechanical impact with a blunt object, in third place (16%) are manual construction tools. Among the types of injuries, the most common injury is the cornea (37%), as well as a large percentage of patients with contusion and ruptures due to contusion (29.3%). The total number of patients who applied to the emergency department with uveitis and endophthalmitis was 18 or 19.57% of the total. Among them, there were 6 patients after primary surgical treatment of the eye at the place of residence – (33.3%). Primary surgical treatment of the eye was carried out in the period from 1 to 4 days. The period of application to the S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution ranged from 5 to 93 days. In patients with self-referral (12 patients or 66.7%), the referral period was from 3 to 7 days. Conclusion. Eye injury is a socially significant problem, as it affects people of working age. The performed analysis allows to speak about a wide variety of injury mechanisms and traumatic agents. In almost 20% of cases, severe mechanical trauma of the eye was complicated by uveitis or endophthalmitis. This, in most cases, was due to the late treatment of patients for specialized medical care. Keywords: mechanical injury of the eye, mechanism of eye injury, structure of emergency surgical care