체제 전환 이후 폴란드 고등교육의 국제화 과정

Abstract

Jagiellonian University, the oldest university in Poland, was established in 1364, there were only seven universities until the 19th century. Even 21 universities were founded in the interwar years. Ups and downs of educational functions in Polish universities were due to Partitions of Poland, twice of World Wars and the socialist government.
 Since the transition in 1989, Poland has experienced political and economic transformation. These transformations also took place in higher education and allowed Polish universities to ensure autonomy from political control. The internationalisation of higher education is one of the pivots of the changes that Polish universities had undergone over the past 30 years. As a result, many changes have occurred in the educational environment, research, and university administration. During the transition period of the 1990s, the internationalisation process was insignificant. Since the 20th century, Polish universities and academics have been gradually opened to the Western world. Also, Poland has experienced the process of internationalisation through the ERASMUS/SOCRATES Programme. On the other hand, Polish universities have to actively attract international students due to the decline of domestic students. The Polish government and universities continued their efforts to reform the system. In addition, the emergence of the World Academic Ranking of Universities (ARWU) and the influence and support from the European Commission, the OECD, and the World Bank have impacted on internationalisation of higher education and education reform in Poland. Through this process, higher education in Poland was able to enter the transnational education and research system, the European order.