ЕВОЛЮЦІЯ МОДЕЛІ ДЕРЖАВНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ: ВІД КЛАСИЧНИХ БЮРОКРАТІЙ ДО ВРЯДУВАННЯ МАЙБУТНЬОГО

Abstract

An attempt is made to theoretical generalization and critical analysis of peculiarities of the formation and evolution of public administration models. The main stages of reforming the system of public administration in Ukraine over the years of independence are highlighted; the lag of domestic reforms from the global and particularly the European ones in the public sector is indicated. It is suggested that the low efficiency of domestic reforms is a result of their long-term focus on the classical model of public administration. On the basis of scientific papers, mainly by foreign authors, the sources are revealed and critical analysis of the terms of emergence, formation, development and causes of changes in the most common models of public administration is carried out: from «classic bureaucracy» to the «governance for the future». Some shortcomings of the «classical public administration» are clarified: low efficiency, low flexibility, closeness, limited civic engagement, inability to meet the rapidly changing requirements of social development and respond effectively to the growing economic needs. The key points of the «new public administration» and its versions, such as «managerism», «new public management», «entrepreneurial management», and «strategic management» are established: implementation of market mechanisms in the public sector, attracting a wide range of stakeholders, weak hierarchical control, powerful network, negotiations, decentralization, delegation of authority, public-private partnerships, transparency, public accountability, etc. The features of models of «governance», «public governance», «good governance», «global governance» are revealed. The following disadvantages of the «good governance» model are analyzed: provision of a very wide range of institutional prerequisites for economic and political development for its implementation; needs the improvement of practically all aspects of the public sector and raises many questions related to the ways of their implementation under conditions of limited financial, time and human resources; is based on general principles regardless the relevant context of each country, etc. It is shown that prerequisites of the latest models of governance (governance for the future) as «digital governance», «smart governance» and «agile management» are such challenges of the XXI century as electronic, digital transformation, the values of sustainable development, human centrism, the requirements of interaction between governmental institutions with not only other stakeholders, but also with digital systems, taking into account the whole spectrum of not only political, economic, but also sociocultural content at the adoption and implementation of public administration decisions. The peculiarities of reforms implemented in the public sector of different countries with different levels of economic development are highlighted. The need for further in-depth studying, developing and implementing in Ukraine some effective public administration models capable of addressing the growing and changing internal and external challenges of the XXI century has been updated.