Атеология Жоржа Батая и негативная суверенность

Abstract

The article presents a brief essay on the analysis of three key concepts in the philosophy of Georges Bataille – heterology as the logic of exclusion, (a-)theology as an atheistic understanding of the death of God and the concept of ‘negative’ or ‘sacrificial’ Sovereignty. It seems that the key to understanding the various and heterogeneous philosophical, literary-poetic, cultural-anthropological and socio-economic concepts of the French thinker is the prism of the heterological logic of exclusion, which opposes the internalization of the dominant ontological discourse. The heterology or ‘logic of exclusion’ used by Georges Bataille, is not so much a negative version of the traditional logic of ‘inclusion’, but is a logic of alternative extremes. It is precisely by striving to overcome the dominant metaphysical universalism of the general order of being (embodied, according to Bataille, in the concept of ‘being’ / ‘die Existenz’ in the philosophy of Martin Heidegger). In an effort to overcome the dominant metaphysical universalism of the general order of being, Bataille turns to various kinds of ‘denials’ and extremes – the left sacred or the sanctity of ‘foulness’, the metaphorical of the disgusting, erotic and violent forms of transgression, the cultivation of the experience of inner abandonment and ultimate despair, and, also, to his own concept of ‘sacrifice’, serving as a guide to the world of sovereign domination. Thus, developing his concept of metaphysical ‘sovereignty’, Bataille turns not only to the existential, but also to the political sphere, largely contrasting his ‘metaphysics of sacrifice’ with the concept of ‘metaphysical domination’ of the German political and legal theorist Carl Schmitt. The nihilistic energy drawn from Friedrich Nietzsche and the ‘metaphysical negation’ taken from Hegel’s dialectic through the interpretation of Alexander Kozhev is used by Bataille for the purposes of his own ‘heterological’ logic of exclusion, desubjectivization and dissolution. However, negation for Bataille is not a target for itself, but a methodological tool on the way to the ‘Other’ excluded from any ontosemantic order.