Abstract
Beamforming techniques have become an integral part of the fifth-generation(5G) of mobile communication systems and continue to evolve for providing high spectral efficiency, spatial diversity, and beamforming gain in millimeter-wave and terahertz(THz) communication for future 6G networks. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of beamforming algorithms from statistical signal processing and optimization perspectives. The fundamentals of beamforming for wireless communication and several representative beamforming algorithms for single-stream and multi-stream transmission are discussed.
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