УПРАВЛІННЯ ВАЛЮТНИМИ РИЗИКАМИ БАНКІВСЬКИХ УСТАНОВ В СУЧАСНИХ УМОВАХ

Abstract

The scientific work examines the processes of currency risk management of banking institutions in modern conditions. The article analyzes the impact of exchange rate fluctuations and the process of globalization on the financial stability and profitability of banks. It also examines the role of regulators, particularly national banks, in setting standards and requirements for currency risk management. The main purpose of the scientific article is to determine the strategies and methods that banking institutions can use to reduce currency risks and ensure financial stability in conditions of constant currency fluctuations. The study includes an analysis of innovative approaches and technologies that can help banks optimize their foreign exchange risk management. It has been proven that banks, carrying out international operations and operating in conditions of global economic instability, face significant currency risks. Scientific approaches to the definition of the term «currency risks» are highlighted. The author’s vision of the concept of «currency risk» is presented. In the scientific work, the classification of currency risk was carried out. It is noted that the main types of currency risk are direct, transactional and translational risks. The dynamics of the official exchange rate of the hryvnia in relation to foreign currencies for 2018–2023 have been analyzed. It has been proven that high levels of currency fluctuations can lead to large losses that are difficult to prevent or repay, jeopardizing the financial stability of banks and their ability to provide services to customers on stable terms. The list of systemically important banks of Ukraine is highlighted. The regulatory requirements, which are regulated by the National Bank of Ukraine and affect the activities of systemically important banks of Ukraine, have been studied. Factors that have a positive and negative influence on the process of currency risk management in banking institutions are considered. The main strategies of currency risk management in banking institutions are defined and characterized.