Специфічність функціонування дегідрогеназ циклу Кребса і антиоксидантних ферментів м’язових тканин гусей в умовах гіпо- та гіпероксії

Abstract

The processes of energy metabolism are essential for the functioning of all living organisms. However,in redox processes of energy metabolism, in addition to synthesis of the main macroergic compounds produce large quantities of reactive oxygen species, which initiate free-radical processes in cells. Free radical oxidation of lipids is important, as it provide a number of important functions. The series of mutual regulation, in which excessive activation of energy processes leads to intensification of peroxidation and thus inhibits energy processes are included during the physiological functioning of the body.However, the increased production of free radicals that accompanies most ofpathological conditions, leads to a variety of cell damages. Mechanisms of peroxidation and thermal oxidation were investigated enough detail for most organisms, both in physiological conditions and for various pathological conditions. However, the physiological functioning of any organism provides not only a level of redox processes, but also a dynamic balance between their views. Clarification of mechanisms support of this balance will facilitate to right choice of strategies for remedial action. The purpose of the study was to determine changes of activity enzymes of Citric acid cycle and antioxidant protection and the relationships between them in physiologically stressful period of transition from fetal to postnatal existence in muscle tissues of geese. Fabrics of geese are characterized by a high content of substrate of processes oxidation fatty acids and were selected as model species due to the high intensity of their metabolism. Experimentally investigated changes in activity of dehydrogenases Citric acid cycle`s(succinate dehydrogenase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase) and antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase) in the striated muscles of limb and smooth muscles of the stomach of geese from mid-embryogenesis to 14-day old postnatal period.Defining the nature of the relationship of the Krebs cycle dehydrogenases and antioxidant enzymes as within each of the systems, and as between them was conducted using correlation analysis. It is established that rapid activation during embryogenesis and then braking during the transition to postnatal life is specific for Krebs cycle dehydrogenases of striated muscles.Formation of adaptive responses to new living conditions from the 7th to the 14th day of postnatal period is accompanied by activation of Krebs cycle dehydrogenases to the maximum level.Activation of dehydrogenases in the smooth muscles of the stomach of geese occurs more slowly, but the transition to postnatal existence does not causereduction of their activity.However, the maximum level of activity of Krebs cycle dehydrogenases in the stomach of geese are also installed during postnatal development.In striated muscles the highest level of activity of all studied antioxidant enzymes was observed in the embryonic period. In the stomach activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase reach a maximum after hatching goslings in the postnatal period.The results of correlative analysis of activity of succinate dehydrogenase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase in striated muscles show enough high level of consistency within this system.However, the same level of relations established between the activity of Krebs cycle dehydrogenases and antioxidant enzymes: pyruvate dehydrogenase and glutathione peroxidase, succinate dehydrogenase and catalase and somewhat weaker between 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase and catalase. In the stomach from all possible significant correlations is only one - between of activity of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase and catalase. Thus, tissue specificity of functioning of dehydrogenases cycle Citric acid in striated muscles is their more rapid activation during embryogenesis, braking activity during the transition to postnatal existence and further intensification from 7 days against the background of the formation of an adaptive response to new conditions. Activation of all dehydrogenases in the stomach occurs more slowly and reaches its maximum level already in the postnatal period. Maintaining the balance of biological oxidation and peroxidation in examined tissues is realized through mutual regulation of enzyme activities antioxidant system and energy metabolism, about that evidenced a close correlation between these indicators.