Abstract
<p indent="0mm">Chang’e-5 (CE-5) renewed the records of successful lunar return skip-reentry missions of China in December 2020, following the accomplishment of the first CE-5 mission in November 2014. The stable performance and exceptional precision of the two missions have proven the effectiveness of guidance, navigation, and control (GNC) designs for CE-5 skip-reentry, which is the first and unique adaptive numeric predictor-corrector guidance practice in the world. This paper reviews skip reentry trajectory features and the challenges of hyper speed skip-reentry problems to GNC. Furthermore, to tackle these problems, a series of approaches, including a numerical predictor-corrector guidance method, an on-line low computational consumption alignment method, and navigation and targeting philosophy, are investigated. In addition, the flight results and the post-flight analyses from CE-5 missions are presented to demonstrate the GNC performance.
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