Το πρόβλημα αρχικών - συνοριακών τιμών για εξελικτικές μη γραμμικές μερικές διαφορικές εξισώσεις

Abstract

In the present PhD thesis we study the initial-boundary value problem for the nonlinear evolution partial diefferential equation of Korteweg-De Vries (KDV) posed on a finite interval of the spatial variable. The method we employ is known as unified transform method. The application of the method on the IBVP under consideration consists of the so-called simultaneous spectral analysis of the Lax pair associated to the KDV equation. The first aim achieved in this contribution, is the expression of the solution of the IBVP as an integral representation in terms of the solution an appropriate Riemann-Hilbert (RH) problem in the complex plane of the spectral parameter, for a sufficiently large class of initial and boundary conditions. In particular, we provide two different integral representations for each one of two different RH problems. A second aim achieved is the invention of a procedure for the reduction of the singular RH problem to a regular one. A third aim achieved is the caracterization of the so-called generalized Dirichlet-to_Neumann map, that is, the expression of the unknown boundary functions in terms of the prescribed initial and boundary conditions. The Phd thesis is divided in 7 chapters. The first chapter is of an introductory character, while the remaining six chapters consist of the original contribution of the thesis. Analytically, the content of each chapter has as follows. The first chapter presents, among other things, the RH problem, the inverse scattering method for KDV, the dressing method for KDV and the method of simultaneous spectral analysis of the Lax pair. Chapter 2 presents the first step of the application of the method upon the IBVP, under the assumption thet KDV is solvable in the corresponding space-time region. The simultaneous spectral analysis of the Lax pair leads to the formulation of a singular homogenous RH factorization problem, which is defined in terms of six spectral functions. The last ones are expressed in terms of the initial and boundary values of the solution and of its transverse boundary derivatives up to order two. In chapter 3 we define the six spectral functions that correspond to the initial and boundary conditions and show that the inversion of these mappings can be described through appropriate RH problems. Also an appropriate “global relation” is satisfied, which characterizes the admissible initial and boundary functions. In chapter 4 we show that the asymptotic behavior of the solution of the RH problem leads actually to a solution of the IBVP. In chapter 5 we study the unique solvability of the RH problem. In chapter 6 we present an alternative RH formulation, replacing the poles by discontinuity curves. In chapter 7 we present the global relation to construct the generalized Dirichlet-to-Neumann map, that is, the expression of the unknown boundary functions (appearing in the RH formulation) in terms of the prescribed initial and boundary conditions.