고고자료를 통해 본 加耶의 港市國家論

Abstract

This passage examines the operation and trade patterns of port cities by analyzing the area in the Gaya where foreign elements are concentrated, through the 'Port City States Theory'. To approach the ‘Port City States Theory’ archaeologically, we first defined the concept and attempted to schematize the structure of port cities. Based on this, we were able to establish the developmental stages of ports as 'port of call, trading post, port city, port citystate.‘ As can be confirmed from historical documents and archaeological evidence, the ancient Gimhae Bay area is a region where foreign elements are concentrated. Multiple port cities, not only in the central area but also in the hinterlands, are considered to be organically combined and operated as a port city-state. In the Changnyeong and Geoje regions, a distinct way of life is observed, which can be traced back to related trading posts found in the southern Honam region and the northern part of Kyushu in Japan. It can be observed that Changwon region formed a port city based on iron production, and it appears to have continued its operation even through changes in the dominant groups. In the eastern part of Honam, there is a pattern where foreign elements are concentrated within the indigenous community, indicating that this region was likely used as a trading post due to its location along the coastal routes. After examining the changing patterns of port cities in each region over different periods, it is evident that in the 1st period (from the mid-3rd century to the early 4th century), the port cities in the Gaya region, particularly in the ancient Gimhae Bay area, were developed. In the 2nd period (from the mid-4th century to later), there was an organic combination and operation of the permanent networks in the ancient Gimhae Bay area, and port cities expanded to areas like Changnyeong, Geoje, and Changwon. In the 3rd period (from before the 5th century to the middle of the 5th century), the permanent networks in the ancient Gimhae Bay area began to shrink but continued to operate, and each region also saw a reduction in its size. In the 4th period (after the 5th century), it appears that the port city-like characteristics gradually disappeared in various regions.