«ЗЕЛЕНА ЕКОНОМІКА»: СУТНІСТЬ, ПРИНЦИПИ, ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ДЛЯ УКРАЇНИ

Abstract

The article reveals the essence of the economy. It is proposed to define it as a trend in economic science, implying the simultaneous preservation and development of the biosphere and civilization, and as a way of doing business, which is aimed at improving the well-being of people without risks to the biosphere. The postulates of the theory of a green economy are examined, the key of which is the impossibility of satisfying infinitely growing needs in conditions of limited resources. The directions of the economy system are considered: 1) introduction of renewable energy sources; 2) improvement of the waste management system; 3) improving the water management system; 4) the development of clean transport; 5) organic farming in agriculture; 6) energy efficiency in the housing sector; 7) conservation and effective management of ecosystems. The principles of a economy known today are highlighted: justice; respect; precautions; participation; management; economic, social and environmental sustainability; efficiency (stable production and consumption); intergenerational relations (investment in the future). An understanding of the nature and description of the goals of “green” technologies is proposed, which involves working not with the consequences, but with the causes of environmental problems. The characteristic features of the economy are highlighted: the efficient use of natural resources, the conservation and increase of natural capital, the reduction of pollution, low carbon emissions, the prevention of biodiversity loss, the growth of income and employment, and in general the reduction of the anthropogenic pressure on the environment. The EaP GREEN program was considered, the role and prospects of Ukraine's participation in it were determined.