Исходные формы земляники садовой для селекции на продуктивност ь и качество плодов

Abstract

The world assortment of strawberries includes about 15 thousand varieties, lines and shapes. Breeding work continues in various directions, but the priority remains the creation of varieties characterised by high productivity, large-fruited and marketable fruits that meet the requirements of industrial cultivation. It is possible to increase the efficiency of breeding in this direction by finding and using new sources and donors of valuable traits. The aim of the research was to study the characters of productivity and quality of strawberry fruit in order to identify new breeding sources. The research was carried out at the strawberry genetic collection located in the Moscow region, at the Department of Genetics and Breeding of Garden Crops of the Federal Horticultural Centre for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery. The subjects of the study were strawberry plants of 33 varieties of different genetic and geographical origin recommended in the scientific literature for industrial cultivation. The variety samples were studied according to the Program and methodology of variety studies of fruit, berry and nut crops. Microsoft Excel was used for statistical data processing by single-factor analysis of variance and grouping of varieties based on NSR0.5. When studying strawberry varieties grown under field conditions using traditional technology, the highest productivity was noted in the varieties: ‘Rozana Kievskaya’ (431.5 g/bush), ‘Troitskaya’ (392.7 g/bush), ‘Al’fa’ (322.4 g/bush), ‘Irma’ (318.2 g/bush), ‘Kokinskaya Pozdnyaya’ (300.2 g/bush). The sources of large fruit are identified in the varieties: ‘Kokinskaya Pozdnyaya’, ‘Festival’naya Romashka’, ‘Irma’, ‘Arosa’, ‘Troitskaya’, ‘Florence’, ‘Jemma’, ‘Vima Kimberly’, ‘Tsaritsa’, ‘Nelly’, ‘Vityaz’’, ‘Asia’, ‘Selekta’, ‘Сlery’, ‘Vima Zanta’, ‘Urozhaynaya TsGL’, ‘Rozana Kievskaya’, ‘Al’fa’, ‘Alba’, ‘Venta’, ‘Tsarskosel’skaya’, ‘Bryanich’, ‘Borovitskaya’, ‘Tago’. The highest hardness of fruits was observed in the varieties ‘Arosa’ and ‘Vima Kimberly’ varieties. The varieties ‘Kubata’, ‘Nelly’, ‘Florence’, ‘Asia’, ‘Alba’, ‘Irma’, ‘Tago’, and ‘Lakomaya’ showed a high level of the trait. As a result of the study, sources of high potential productivity (“large fruit” and “number of ovaries per bush”) were identified: ‘Rozana Kievskaya’, ‘Troitskaya’, ‘Al’fa’. The varieties ‘Florence’, ‘Vima Kimberly’, ‘Asia’, ‘Arosa’, ‘Irma’, ‘Nelly’ are recommended as sources for fruit quality (“large fruit” and “fruit hardness”).