Abstract
The aim of the article is to comprehensively discuss platform employment, which accumulates workers of both high and low qualifications, and to study the possibilities of using this non-standard form of employment to overcome the shortage of labor force and develop human capital in conditions of permanent crises of instability. The factors of formation of the shortage of labor force in the labor market of Ukraine and the loss of human capital are analyzed. It is determined that in order to overcome the shortage of labor, the main directions of employment policy should be attracting the maximum number of people to the national labor market and developing non-standard forms of employment, in particular platform employment. The features of platform employment as a tool for overcoming the shortage of personnel in the labor market are disclosed. The presence of two poles of employment on digital platforms has been revealed. First, it is low-skilled employment, and secondly, works and services that require special knowledge and a high professional qualification level. It is determined that the quality of employment on digital platforms depends on the professional and qualification level of employees, on their skills in using interactive technologies (applications, social networks and platforms in the Internet environment) and on personal characteristics (adaptability, flexibility, ability to learn, professional development, etc.). The results of the study confirmed that one of the most important ways to improve the employment situation related to labor shortages is the integration into the national labor market of internally displaced persons, persons with disabilities, veterans, migrants and persons who were forced to leave the country. To achieve this goal, it is important to comprehensively use different types of platform employment to balance the supply and demand of labor in the face of increased economic and social insecurity due to war shocks.
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