ПРОСТОРОВО-ЧАСОВА ОЦІНКА ЕКОЛОГІЧНОГО РИЗИКУ ВІД ЗАБРУДНЕННЯ АТМОСФЕРНОГО ПОВІТРЯ М. ХАРКОВА

Abstract

Distribution of atmospheric pollution throughout the city is not uniform. This leads to an increased risk of morbidity in the population from different groups of diseases in various regions. The purpose of the work is the space -temporal assessment of environmental risk from atmospheric pollution in Kharkiv. A monitoring system which operates in almost all cities of Ukraine is used to control the condition of atmospheric air. Thus, in Kharkiv the state of the atmosphere is controlled by the regional meteorological center. There are the following components of the air monitoring system: stationary observation posts; mobile observation posts; information platform - an open database. Based on the obtained statistical and analytical data, a space-temporal assessment of atmospheric air pollution was carried out in Kharkiv from 2014 to 2019. It is established that in the whole city, the worst situation was in 2016-2018. The study has found that relatively low pollution is characteristic of the areas of Bavaria and the Saltivsky housing estate. The reason for this is the lack of industrial sources of pollution and wide streets with good purging, which contributes to the reduction of traffic pollution. The average level of pollution due to API is inherent in the central part of the city, the area of Holodna Gora and Sokolnyky. A common feature of these territories is the absence of industrial pollution against the background of high transport loads. The highest level of pollution is inherent in industrial Ivanivka, as well as in the areas of 23 Serpnia str. and Heroiv Stalingradu, where there is little industrial pollution along with high transport pollution. The values of the environmental risk of atmospheric air pollution by substances determined during the monitoring of the atmosphere in the city were calculated, the total risk of the disease by various groups of diseases in different years was determined. It has been established that according to the average annual concentrations of pollutants, there is a risk of respiratory diseases, cardiovascular system, central nervous system and developmental delay as well as premature mortality. The calculation made by the maximum single value of the concentration of pollutants in the air showed a more critical situation. It has been established that the reference dose is exceeded by most substances and is critical: dust – 2.8 times, carbon monoxide – 2.4 times, soot – 2.07 times. An assessment of the risk of the appearance of certain diseases showed that under such conditions the development of all types of diseases is stimulated, and the likelihood of developing diseases of the respiratory system, cardiovascular system, central nervous system and developmental delay and premature mortality increases three times relative to average values. Thus, it is confirmed that the practice of volley emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere, which exists in many enterprises, has a detrimental effect on humans, leading to the intensification of various diseases. In general, according to the results of the analysis of the natural environment state of Kharkiv, it can be stated that over the last 3 years the ecological situation has stabilized with tendencies of gradual improvement.