СПОСОБЫ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ЗЕЛЕНОЙ МАССЫ ОЗИМОЙ ТРИТИКАЛЕ В КАЧЕСТВЕ УДОБРЕНИЯ В УСЛОВИЯХ СТЕПНОГО КРЫМА

Abstract

The method of incorporating green leafy matter directly into the soil is called Green Manuring. Green Manuring helps improve soil quality in the following ways: increase organic content of soil, increase biological activity in the soil, improve agrochemical and agrophysical properties of the soil. The purpose of our research was to identify the influence of different ways of using green mass of winter triticale variety ‘Allegro’ on the soil fertility indicators before the sowing winter wheat under conditions of the steppe Crimea. Field experiments were carried out in 2015–2018. Soil – chernozem southern calcareous low humic. In the course of the research, we studied three ways of green manure management: disking at the phase of stem elongation, disking and ploughing at the phase of early heading, use of triticale biomass for forage (triticale stubble disking) – control variant. Specifically, the studies revealed that the most favorable conditions for obtaining seedlings of winter wheat were after the incorporation of plant biomass at the phase of stem elongation. In this case, plants consume moisture and nutrients more economically, organic matter mineralization occurs more actively. This method provided 2.01 mg/100 g of nitrate nitrogen in the root layer of the soil before sowing winter wheat exceeding the indicators by up to 40 % compared to other options of triticale biomass incorporation. Manuring Triticale aestivumforme at the phase of early heading increases the input of soil organic matter by 2.5–2.6 times compared to the stem elongation phase; by 3.9–4.0 times in case of use triticale biomass for forage. The full benefits of this technique will be seen in the subsequent years when the process of the organic matter mineralization will be completed. Option “use of triticale biomass for forage” ensured the least input of soil organic matter – 2.11 t/ha. Moreover, the content of nitrate nitrogen in the 0–30 cm soil layer decreased to 1.37, available forms of phosphorus – to 2.12 mg/100 g of soil. Besides, the production costs for incorporating 1 ton of organic matter into the soil increased by 5.3–5.6 times compared to green mass manuring.