Ιστολογικές αλλοιώσεις της περιτοναϊκής μεμβράνης σε σχέση με την επάρκεια της περιτοναϊκής κάθαρσης

Abstract

The long-term exposure of peritoneal membrane to bioincompatible dialysis solutions leads to structural changes and loss of ultrafiltration capability. Objective: The aim of the present study is to describe the histological changes of peritoneum that are observed: a) in uremic patients and b) in patients that are in peritoneal dialysis for a period of time. Also to determine the possible relation of histological changes with the transport characteristics of peritoneal membrane and with adequacy of dialysis. Method: Thirty nine patients (M/F=18/19) that underwent a peritoneal biopsy in the initiation of treatment (group A, N=19) or after 4 years in continous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) (group B, N=18) were included in the study. The morphological changes of mesothelial cells and vascular compartment as well as the thickness of submesothelial collagenous zone were estimated. The relations of these changes to peritoneal equilibration test (PET) and to adequacy of dialysis (total weekly creatinine clearance (wClcr) and urea KT/V) were also investigated. Results: The main histological changes in both groups of patients were loss of mesothelial cells and decrease of normal mesothelial surface, thickening of submesothelial collagenous zone and presence of vascular hyalinosis. The thickness of submesothelial collagenous zone in both groups of patients was significantly higher compared to that of controls (630μm and 1140μm vs.50 μm respectively, p <0.05). Although no significant difference was found between morphologic changes of peritoneal membrane in uremic patients starting on CAPD and those on peritoneal dialysis for a mean period of 4 years, there was a trend towards more severe lesions in the latter. The PET, Clcr and urea KT/V were not significantly different in the two groups of patients. These parameters also showed no significant changes when examined in the initiation of CAPD and after four years in peritoneal dialysis in the same patients (group B). No significant correlations were observed between histological changes and PET, Clcr and KT/V in both groups of patients. Conclusions: Significant structural changes of peritoneal membrane are observed in uremic patients and these changes are deteriorated with CAPD treatment. Structural changes are not followed by functional changes during the first four years on CAPD.