ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОЕ ОБОСНОВАНИЕ НОВОГО ПОДХОДА К ЛЕЧЕНИЮ ОТЕКА ЛЕГКИХ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ГЕНЕЗА ПУТЕМ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ПЕРФТОРУГЛЕРОДНЫХ ЖИДКОСТЕЙ

Abstract

There are more than 3,600 chemically hazardous facilities in the Russian Federation, 146 cities with of more than 100 thousand citizens are located in chemically hazardous zones. In 2021, the share of occupational diseases associated with exposure to industrial chemical factors amounted to 14.8% of all newly identified occupational diseases. The inhalation route of receipt of industrial chemicals is the main one in production. When inhaling toxic substances, lung damage occurs with the development of acute lung damage, and then acute respiratory distress syndrome, followed by its transition to the terminal stage — the alveolar stage of pulmonary edema. With the development of the alveolar stage of pulmonary edema, currently existing treatment methods are ineffective, as a result, mortality at this stage can reach 90%. A promising area of pulmonary edema therapy is the development and introduction into clinical practice of new methods, among which the attention of specialists is increasingly attracted by liquid artificial lung ventilation. Methods. The model is based on acute chemical damage to the respiratory tract by hydrochloric acid by intratracheal administration to laboratory rats. Two groups of adult male rats were selected, six rats in each group. Group 1 served as control, group 2 was the experimental group. Both groups were injected with 0.1 M hydrochloric acid intratracheally at a rate of 2 ml/kg, after which they were connected to artificial lung ventilation, recording heart rate and Spo2. The control group was observed until the death of the animal. In the experimental group, with a decrease in Spo2 below 80, a bronchoalveolar lavage procedure was performed using 2 ml of perfluorocarbon liquid. Results. As a result, it was found that after each performed bronchoalveolar lavage with perfluorocarbon liquid, it was possible to remove from 1.5 to 2.5 ml of edematous fluid from the lower respiratory tract. It was also noted that the average lifespan of rats in group 2 was 51.6 minutes, while in group 1 the average lifespan of rats was 34.1 minutes. Conclusions. The use of bronchoalveolar lavage with perfluorocarbon liquid in the alveolar stage of pulmonary edema in rats increases life expectancy, raises saturation and reduces the amount of edematous fluid in the airways.