Abstract
In this article, the authors review the role of bioethics in the processes of risk communication and socio-humanistic support for innovative development of technoscience, and analyze its commitment to the concepts of precaution and prevention. More focus is put on certain ethical challenges of the 21st century associated with the development of artificial intelligence, deep learning in medicine, genome editing and ‘new parenthood’ practices. They have exploited the potential of bioethics in ethical and axiological reflection on the prospects of healthcare far-reaching reforms and in sociohumanistic assessment of transformed ideas about the human nature, family connections and established social order. It is shown that the experience of complex problem discussion and solving alongside with advisory mechanisms and bioethical procedures respond to pressing challenges of biotechnoscience and will be in demand in future.
Highlights
Bioethics first emerged in the second half of the last century following two basic tendencies
Bioethics is an interdisciplinary field of research, academic discipline and social institution of ethical and, in a broader sense, sociohumanistic examination targeted at a comprehensive assessment of biomedical innovations
The Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights adopted by the General Conference of UNESCO on 19 October 2005 recognized the role of these institutions in universal management mechanisms [2]
Summary
Bioethics first emerged in the second half of the last century following two basic tendencies. Bioethics is an interdisciplinary field of research, academic discipline and social institution of ethical and, in a broader sense, sociohumanistic examination targeted at a comprehensive assessment of biomedical innovations. These comprise ethics committees and commissions, which operate both at the local (ethics committees of research institutions) and national/international levels (as a part of agencies of the United Nations, European Union, European Council, Parliaments, etc.). The Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights adopted by the General Conference of UNESCO on 19 October 2005 recognized the role of these institutions in universal management mechanisms [2]. The nature of these institutions is dependent on sociocultural context such as regulations, values and social attitudes, which are largely explaining why, for instance, a patient’s right to refuse lifesustaining treatment is legally justified in some regions (states and countries) and invalid in others
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