Abstract
The mechanism of RNA interference (RNAi) and small RNAs are currently being intensively studied and considered as important regulators of gene expression reprogramming in plant immune responses and pathogen or pest virulence. At the same time, the problem is the lack of knowledge about the mechanisms of RNAi functioning in insect and plant cells during their interaction. In this work, we studied the bird cherry aphid Rhopalosiphum padi L., which is ubiquitous and is an oligophage. Check of antibiosis and endurance showed that samples of some species wheat with different levels of ploidy T. monococcum k-39471 and T. timopheevii k-58666 from the Vavilov wheat collection and soft spring wheat variety Zhnitsa were resistant against R. padi. Cultivars Omskaya35 and Salavat Yulaev showed strong and moderate susceptibility against R. padi, respectively. The genes of the RNAi system were upregulated much more in susceptible genotypes than in resistant samples. Transcriptional analysis of the RNAi system enzyme genes and transcription factor (TF) genes showed that AGO4 and DCL2 presumably may be of decisive importance in the regulation of the protective response against R. padi colonization through the influence on TF of the salicylate and ethylene signaling pathways.
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