한국 녹색 ODA 메커니즘 변화에 대한 연구

Abstract

Purpose: This study analyzes changes in the mechanism of South Korea’s Green ODA to ASEAN-Korea partner countries.
 Originality: The allocation of Green ODA support cannot be comprehensively explained by neither the donor country interest model nor the recipient country need model. Thus, it is essential to broaden the discussion by considering various combinations of conditions that impact the allocation of Green ODA.
 Methodology: Utilizing Fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis, this study identifies the changing allocation patterns of South Korea's Green ODA. Subsequently, case studies were conducted based on the results of the combination of causal conditions.
 Result: In 2006 and 2011, the causal conditions converged into the same combination. However, two distinct patterns were identified in 2021. Both combinations are characterized by low trade volumes and a low democracy index from the donors’ interest, as well as by lower exports of eco-friendly products and a lower GDP per capita from the recipients’ need. Despite these shared traits, differences emerged in FDI and environmental vulnerability. These results underline how unique combinations of factors influence Green ODA distribution differently. Detailed case studies on Cambodia and Laos, particularly the latter, illustrate scenarios where conventional criteria of donor country's interests and recipient country's needs were not met. Despite this, a significant level of Green ODA was still secured.
 Conclusion and Implication: This study contributed to enhance Green ODA's integral role in global environmental governance, emphasizing the importance of formulating Green ODA strategies that aligned with the environmental goals and unique socio-economic contexts of recipient countries.