Abstract
Crab paintings referred to as Haedo(蟹圖) were mainly drawn with auspicious meanings such as congratulations on passing the state examination. Its origins date back to the Five Dynasties and Northern Song periods in China, and Haedo became popular during the Ming Dynasty when Wu or Wumen School, including Shen Zhou and Xu Wei, started drawing them in the style of literary painting. Literary style Haedo refers to a crab painting with poetic sentiment produced by an ink-and- wash/boneless brush technique for the light-and-shade effect; it greatly influenced East Asian Haedo from the Qing Dynasty of China to modern times and even to Joseon. Exactly when Haedo was first introduced into Korea is unknown, but it is thought that crabs were drawn along with various fish icons at the latest during the Goryeo Dynasty. However, Haedo was drawn in earnest after the introduction of the literary style Haedo during the Ming Dynasty, and painters representing the late Joseon Dynasty, such as Kim In-gwan, Shim Sa-jeong, Choi Buk, and Kim Hong-do, enjoyed drawing them. In particular, Kim Hong-do left behind many works with strong pictorial qualities by adding original elements under the influence of Xu Wei, which greatly influenced the paintings of later painters. Popular throughout the late Joseon Dynasty, the literary style Haedo expanded as far as folk paintings, and the tradition was passed down from the late Joseon Dynasty to modern times. Meanwhile, apart from how the literary style Haedo was developed, a new style of realistically depicting the subject with fine brushes, intertwined with various social and cultural backgrounds, was attempted by Jang Han-jong, a painter at the Dohwaseo (court painting institution), in the 19th century. Jang Han-jong accurately captured the appearance and ecology of each fish species with a hyper-realistic painting style based on detailed sketches that were even reminiscent of a collection of illustrations, and he also created fish and crab paintings in the form of folding screens, which inspired later painters.
Published Version
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