Abstract
A numerical simulation for evaluating thermal performance was performed to determine the possibility of replacing existing lead-acid 12 V batteries with lithium-ion batteries. In batteries used for starting vehicles, low-temperature (≤–20℃) starting performance and lifespan decrease significantly. Therefore, a lithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery system with a relatively high energy density at low temperatures was studied. A system for self-energy heating was designed to improve operability under cold-weather conditions. In particular, the battery pack case, battery cell array, and heating system of the proposed system were designed to be compatible. Furthermore, a thermal performance simulation was performed using computational fluid dynamics and heat transfer techniques based on the estimated thermal properties of each component. The results showed that the self-heating LFP battery pack system reached its startable temperature (–3℃) after 75 s when 249 W of power was applied in a low-temperature (–20℃) environment.
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