Abstract
PCR is the most popular method for nucleic acids amplification, which characterized by high specificity and sensitivity. PCR is widely used in research and in practice. However, when nucleotide sequences, called “difficult” templates, are amplified, false-negative results can be obtained for samples containing a target in the reaction mixture. The same result can be caused by impurities that are co-extracted with nucleic acids and inhibit DNA polymerase. To eliminate this, substances called PCR enhancers are added to the reaction mixture, which can stabilize the DNA polymerase and/or, on the contrary, destabilize hydrogen bonds in GC-rich regions. The use of proteins, amino acids, carbohydrates, polyhydric alcohols, amides, sulfones, sulfoxides, nonionic detergents, zwitterionic compounds, various nanoparticles, as well as analogues of dGTP and dCTP, which form two hydrogen bonds instead of three when paired with complementary nucleobases, is described.
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