Abstract
The question of the biological role of weakened electromagnetic fields (EMF) is relevant due to the fact that in modern life, organisms of varying degrees of complexity often face conditions in which the natural EMF can be shielded or distorted. And the study of the influence of ionizing radiation on life expectancy has been conducted for several decades in various laboratories around the world. The main component in determining the effects of radiation exposure is induced genetic instability, against the background of which it is possible to implement a variety of radiobiological reactions that lead to both stimulation and significant suppression of vital functions of the cell or body. In this regard, the aim of the study was to investigate the effect of moderate ferromagnetic shielding and 40 Gy X-ray radiation on the development of Drosophila melanogaster. Two series of experiments were carried out to achieve the goal. Initially, the nutrient medium prepared from yeast, sugar, semolina, propionic acid, water, and agar-agar was placed in the test tube. In groups there were 10 test tubes each, in which adult flies in number of 1 female and 1 male were placed. In the experiment, tubes with daily egg-laying were used (after the daily content of parent flies were removed from the tubes). Clutches were observed: from the appearance of the first pupae to the end of adults’ release. All groups of insects were kept in special thermoboxes (without light access). In the first series of the experiment the air temperature was 22 °C, in the second series of the experiment – 18 °C. The development of Drosophila melanogaster depends on t° air, with its decrease from 22 ° C to 18 ° C, the intensity of pupation of larvae and the yield of adults decreases by 45 % (p<0,05) and 50 % (p<0,05), respectively, and slows down by two days. In conditions of moderate ferromagnetic shielding in the first series of the experiment no reliable changes were found, while in the second series at t = 18 °C EME stimulates the process of pupation of larvae on the 8th day by 21 % (p<0,05), and the yield of adults on the 16th day by 30 % (p<0,05) in contrast to the development of Drosophila melanogaster in the control group. However, in both series EMEs do not affect the total number of pupated larvae and the yield of adults. In the first series of the experiment, X-ray irradiation with 40 Gy absorbed dose and 5-minute exposure leads to 28 % (p<0,05) and 55 % (p<0,05) decrease in the number of pupated larvae on the 6th and 7th days of development, respectively, and to 86 % (p<0,05) and 30 % (p<0,05) decrease in adults appearance on the 12th and 13th days, respectively, in comparison with the control group data. Whereas, in the second series of the experiment the number of pupated larvae decreased by 85 % (p<0,05) and 50 % (p<0,05) respectively on the 7th and 9th days, and the number of adults decreased by 85 % (p<0,05) relatively to the control data. Also X-ray irradiation causes delay in time of pupation of larvae and formation of adults.
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