Abstract
The Zabaikalskaya horse is an indigenous breed of horses from Siberia with diverse use. It is characterized by endurance and good adaptability to year-round herd maintenance in the harsh conditions of the Baikal steppes. To determine the genetic characteristics of the maternal lineage of the Zabaikalskaya horse breed based on mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms, we collected hair samples from 31 horses belonging to breeding farms in the Trans-Baikal Territory. Analysis of the 530 bp sequence of the mtDNA D-loop was performed using the maximum composite likelihood (MCL) model in combination with bootstrap analysis. When studying the polymorphism of the hypervariable region of the mtDNA D- loop in Zabaikalskaya horses, we identif ied 31 haplotypes representing 8 haplogroups: B, C, G, H, L, M, Q and R according to modern classif ication. The sequenced fragment of the D-loop from nucleotide position 15471 to 16000 contained 17 polymorphic sites, mainly represented by the A→G, G→A and T→C transitions. The haplogroups Q (25.81 %), B (19.35 %), G (16.13 %) and H (12.90 %) were prevailing in the mtDNA structure of this breed. Genetic analysis of the mitochondrial genome of the Zabaikalskaya horse revealed a high level of diversity of haplotypes and haplogroups, which are typical for the horse populations of Eurasia.
Highlights
Zabaikalskaya horse is one of the native horse breeds from Siberia and it is distributed in the territories located to the south and southeast of Lake Baikal
Sequence analysis of the 530 bp region of the mitochondrial D-loop of Zabaikalskaya horses showed the presence of 31 haplotypes corresponding to 8 haplogroups: B, C, G, H, L, M, Q and R according to Achilli’s classification (2012)
Sequences with haplogroups B, G, M and Q were found in both subpopulations of Zabaikalskaya horses
Summary
Zabaikalskaya horse is one of the native horse breeds from Siberia and it is distributed in the territories located to the south and southeast of Lake Baikal. The breed was formed through process of long interbreeding of Mongolian horses and later representatives of cultural breeds brought by Russian settlers in the 17th and 18th centuries (Karaush, 1952; Khakimov et al, 2002). As a result, the local population of horses in the Trans-Baikal Territory was significantly improved, resulting in a relatively large array of horses, versatile in their use and wellЛ.А. Храброва, Н.В. Блохина Б.З. Базарон, Т.Н. Хамируев
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